Year 2 Free Week #5 Lesson Plan - Review of Number Sense

  1. (5 min) PRIME NUMBERS AND PRIME FACTORS
    A prime number is any number, greater than one, that is not divisible by any number except itself and 1. Is 1 a prime number? NO, by definition. (although 1 is a perfect square.) Name the prime numbers between 50 and 60: [53 and 59] Note that neither 51 nor 57 is prime because they are both divisible by 3. We know that because the sum of their digits (6 and 12) are divisible by 3.

    We are frequently asked to find the prime factors of a number. We do this by breaking it down, in an upside down tree, until all the numbers are prime. If a number has the same prime factor more than once, list them all. For instance, the prime factors of 12 are 3, 2, and 2 - or - 3 and 22.

    If you asked to find the greatest common factor, GCF, of two numbers, it will be smaller because a factor is smaller. If you are asked to find the least common multiple (LCM), it will b larger because you must multiply.

  2. SEQUENCES
    If you are asked to find the next number in a sequence, find out what you do to the first to get the second, and what you do to the second to get the third. Sometimes there will be two things going on.

    What is next: 1...2...4...? Well it could be either +1, +2, +3 or it could be x2, x2, x2. You need to look at the next number to know for sure. If the next number is 7, then you are adding. If the next number is 8, then you are multiplying by 2 each time.

  3. NUMBER MACHINES
    Mathematicians like to play with number machines. A number machine is a machine which operates on a number to give a new number. An equation is a number machine. You may be given a problem with a diagram, like the one below, where you are putting in different numbers and getting out different numbers.

    In this problem you are asked to find out what comes out when you put in a 6. To figure this out you must find out the rule of what happens inside the machine. This machine takes a number, x, multiplies by 2 and adds 1. So a 13 comes out when we put in a six.

    This kind of problem can take on other forms, as well. Sometimes the number machine is drawn as a special character (@ or &). If this happens, just plug in the number you are given in the right places. So if a@b=4a+2b, then 3@4 = 4 x 3 + 2 x 4 = 20

    Also the number machine is sometimes represented as a function:
    f(x) = 4x + 2. Then f(5) would be 4 x 5 + 2 or 22.

    The most complicated thing you may see, would be two number machines together. They would look like this:
    If a@b=4a+2b, then what is (3@4)@5.
    In this case, do it one step at a time, doing what's inside the parentheses first.
    3@4 is 20. Now figure out 20@5 = 90

    Number machines are a lot like sequences. Just don't let them freak you out!

  4. In-class exercise

  5. No homework this week!