Hands-on math!

Washington State Math Olympiad
Hints and Solutions
2008 Grade 6 Probability & Statistics

Problem
Hint
1) A dart hits the dartboard shown at random. The board is a square and the horizontal lines are equally spaced. Find the probability of the dart landing in the shaded region. You need to find the total area of the two shaded areas.
Use 1 for the square side length.
1. The horizontal lines divide the square into 3 equal rectangles so the height of each rectangle is ____.
2. Since the height of one of those little shaded triangles is half the height of a rectangle, their height ("H") is _____
3. The little unshaded triangles in the upper right and left corners have vertical sides of length = ____.
4. Because the top angle of the triangle is 45o the horizontal side of those little triangles is also _____.
5. That means the base ("B") of one shaded triangle is also _____.
6. Compute the area of one shaded triangle:
    A = (B x H) / 2 = _____.
7. Multiply this by 2 to get the
    probability of a dart hitting a shaded area = _______
2) Jesse makes 50% of his free throws and 10% of his half court shots in basketball. What are the chances that Jesse can make three free throws and a half court shot one right after the other? Multiply the probabilities of 3 free throws and one half court shot together (4 numbers) to get __________.
3) In a certain carnival game, a player gets to spin each of these spinners once. What is the probability (express as a fraction in lowest terms) of getting two numbers that have a sum of 7?
Fill out this table of sums and find the ones that have a sum of 7, then divide by the total number of sums:
+   1     2    3    4    5    6 
12     
2      
3      
4      
The probability of getting a sum of 7 is _____

Problem
Hint

4) After three tests Max has a test average of 83. He is nervous for the fourth test and wants to keep an average of at least 80. What is the lowest score he can get on the fourth test if each test is worth 100 points?
This is actually an algebra problem!
Use N3 for the sum of the first 3 tests and N for the next test score.
1. So, if the 3 scores average 83, then N3 must be _____.
2. Then (N + N3)/4 = 80.
3. Solve this for N = _____
5) The bar graph below shows the heights for a 4th grade class that has 11 boys in it measured to the nearest inch. What is the difference between the mean and the median? 1. Write out all the heights:

2. Compute the mean = _____.
3. Since there are 11 boys, the median is the 6th boy,
    counting from the left = ____ .
4. Their difference is _____.