Hands-on math!

Washington State Math Olympiad
Hints and Solutions
2009 Grade 7 Probability and Statistics

Problem
1) A gold coin is hidden in a slice of triangular cake that Joan and her best friend have just purchased. They are both coin collectors and want to add the coin to their collections. If they cut the slice as shown and Joan gets the bottom half, what is the probability the coin is in her piece? Assume the coin is entirely in one of the pieces and not touching the cut line.

2) A number cube has 5 odd numbers on it and one even number. The cube is a fair cube. The cube is tossed and the number showing on top is odd. What's the probability that the number on the bottom is even?

3) The lowest number in a set of five numbers is 10. The range is 60 and the mean is 40. What is the biggest the median could be?

Problem
4) Bo, Darius, Kareena, Mary, and Paco all go with Mrs. Smart for math enrichment during math time. When they leave she lines them up by calling out their names, but she does this randomly. What's the probability that today Darius will be first and Paco will be last? Express your answer as a fraction.
5) Temperatures were recorded for 100 days equally spread throughout the year in the small town of Buffon. The data in the bar chart below was uses to create a pie chart with the five categories: 0-20 degrees F, 21-40 degrees F, 41 - 60 degrees F, 61 - 80 degrees F, 81 - 100 degrees F. What is the central angle of the section that represents the 0-20 degree F range? Give your answer to the angle to the nearest degree. Note: a single bar represents a range of 5 degrees, so the first bar represents temperatures from 1 degree F to 5 degrees F.