Hands-on math!

Washington State Math Olympiad
Hints and Solutions
2012 Grade 8 Number Sense

Problem
Hint
1) Joey is playing a game where winning means getting the biggest product. He rolls a 6 sided die 5 times getting the numbers 1, 3, 4, 5, 6. He creates a 3 digit number and a 2 digit number using each digit once. He wins if the product of his two numbers is bigger than the products of his competitors. What should his 3 digit number be?
  1. The product of a 3 digit number and a 2 digit number are to be maximized, so it is clear that the units digits of both numbers should be the smallest 2 numbers, namely ___ and ___.

  2. So, we need the placement of 3 numbers in the 2 remaining digits of the 3-digit number and the 1 remaining digit of the 2-digit number.
  3. That leaves only 6 possible combinations of the remaining 3 numbers (___ , ___ and ___), so they can all be investigated.
    List them here:






  4. So once you have the best 3-digit combination all we have to do is figure out where the 2 small digits go.
  5. Therefore, the largest product is _______ x ______
2) Initially on Michael's hands there are 3.9 x 106 bacteria. He sprays his hands with a hand sanitizer, killing 99.5% of them. He then washes his hands twice, removing 10% of the remaining bacteria each time. How many bacteria are left? Express your answer in scientific notation. Multiply the original number of bacteria by the decimal that remain after the hand sanitizer and then by the decimal that remain after the 2 hand washings.


= ________________

Problem
Hint
3) The expression represented by the boxes is the quotient of a 2-digit number raised to an exponent by a 2-digit number raised to an exponent. Each box represents a digit from the list 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 with no repeats. To make the resulting quotient as small as possible what is the second 2-digit number represented by the fourth and fifth box?
  1. To make the quotient as small as possible the exponent in the denominator should be the largest value, namely _____.

  2. The other 2 digits, the 4th and 5th should be as large as possible: ____ and _____.

  3. The second 2-digit number is _______
4) What is the difference between the average of all integers from -100 to 101 and the average of all integers from -500 to 501?

  1. The formula for the sum of all integers in a sequence is:
    Sum = (A1 + An) x n /2 where:
    A1 is the first element
    An is the last element and
    n is the number of elements in the sequence.
  2. The sum of all integers from -100 to +101 is:


    Sum = _____
  3. Their average = _______

  4. The sum of all integers from -500 to 501 is:
    Sum = _______
  5. Their average = ______

  6. Their difference is ______
5) What is the smallest whole number k > 0 so that
  1. Since both expressions are taken to the power of k, we can simplify the expression by removing the exponents:

  2. With this simplified expression, the value of k for which this is true is _______