Hands-on math!

Washington State Math Olympiad
Hints and Solutions
2015 Grade 8 Number Sense

Problem
Hint
1) Cameron is trying to improve his catch percentage playing football. This season he has caught 60% of the 25 passes that have been thrown to him. After practicing, he is able to bring his catch percentage up to 70% after 25 more passes. How many of those passes did he catch in the second set of 25 passes? Let c = the number of catches he makes in the last 25 games.
  1. 60% of 25 = 15 catches
  2. (15 + c)/50 = .7
        15 + c = 35
        c = 35 - 15 = 20 catches
2) If you insert four numbers between 2/7 and 7/2 to form an arithmetic sequence of six numbers, what would the sum of the sequence be? (Express your answer as an improper fraction.)
  1. The sum of an arithmetic sequence is:
    Sum = (A1 + An) x n / 2 where:
        A1 is the first element
        An is the last element
        n is the number of elements (= 6 for our problem)
  2. Sum = (27 + 72) x 6 / 2 =
    = (414 + 4914) x 3 =
    = (5314) x 3 = 15914
3) Marsha bakes a cake for a party. Several guests take 1/3rd of the cake and split it. A few more guests take half of what is left and split that. Marsha takes a third of the remaining cake for herself. If Marsha evenly divides what is left of the cake between the 4 remaining guests, what fraction of the original cake will each of them receive?
  1. Several guests take 13 of the cake
  2. A few more guests take 12 x 23 = 13 of the original cake.
  3. This leaves 13 of the cake left
  4. Marsha takes 13 x 13 = 19 of the original cake, leaving
    13 - 19 = 29 of the original cake left
  5. Each of the 4 remaining guests gets 14 x 29 =
    118 of the original cake

Problem
Hint
4) If the pattern below were continued, what number would be directly below 100?
The numbers are an arithmetic sequence.
  1. Each row contains 2 more numbers than the previous row (1, 3, 5, 7 ...)
  2. The rows contain sequential numbers that are reversed in order from the previous row.
  3. You must find out which row 100 appears in and in what position in the row.
  4. Notice that the highest number in each row (1,4,9,16) are the squares of the row numbers (1,2,3,4).
  5. This means that 100 appears in the
    N = ____th row.
  6. Also, notice that 100 is a square, itself.
  7. So the next number under the 100 is _____
5) How many numbers between 100 and 1,000 have exactly 3 factors?

  1. All numbers have 2 factors: 1 and the number itself.
    Prime numbers have these factors only.
  2. The only numbers that have exactly 1 more factor are squares. For example the factors of 25 are 1, 5 and 25. But only numbers whose square roots are primes, otherwise there will be additional factors.
  3. Numbers that have prime square roots:




  4. There are ____ numbers between 100 and 1000 that have 3 factors.